Drug utilization study of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Hypertension is a major common disease and effects a million of people worldwide. And is risk factor for other diseases like cardiovascular diseases, stroke etc. The aim of our study was undertaken to study the utilization pattern of anti hypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital. The guidelines for the treatment of hypertension are put forward by the Joint National Committee (JNC) on detection, evaluation and treatment of blood pressure. The Indian guidelines endorsed by the cardiology society of India, the hypertension society of India, and Indian college of physicians closely follow the JNC guidelines.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 patients in outpatient Department of General medicine of Government General Hospital, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana. The data collected was analysed from the prescription pattern of anti hypertensive drugs. The data collected were statistically analysed and presented as counts and percentages.Results: Out of 100 study subjects, males were 55% and females were 45% and maximum number of patients in age group are (51 to 60 years.). Among antihypertensive drugs commonly used in present study are Losartan (ARB’s)-64% and for two drug therapy are enalapril and amlodipine 22% and for three drug therapy are enalapril +atenolol+furosemide-14%. Average number of drugs prescribed is 6.15% per prescription. Percentages of medicines prescribed by generic drugs are85% and from the essential drug list are 95%.Conclusions: In this study usage of anti hypertensive drugs were prescribed rationally in tertiary care hospital. The study emphasizes that need for effective continuing medical education and also preventive measures in hypertensive individuals

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED ANALYSIS OF ULVA LACTUCA AND GRACILARIA CORTICATA AND THEIR EFFECT ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

 In the present work, we used two seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria corticata, which were collected from Hare Island in the Gulf of Mannar ofTuticorin coast. Ethanol was taken as the solvent for extraction. The crude extract was purified using column chromatography. Antibacterial activityof crude and column purified fractions were tested against Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Pseudomonas using well-diffusionmethod. Maximum zone of inhibition (9 mm) was found in the crude extract of G. corticata against Pseudomonas sp. Minimum zone of inhibition (4mm) was found in U. lactuca fraction1 against Escherichia coli. Highest antibacterial activity was obtained in red seaweed, whereas, green seaweedshowed less antibacterial activity. From this study, we can conclude that red seaweeds have more active than green seaweeds. The seaweed powderwas analyzed in Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. It was observed that both seaweed contained phenol and alcohol compounds, which wereresponsible for the antibacterial activity.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Fourier transform infrared, Seaweeds, Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria corticata.Â

Variable Step Size Maximum Correntropy Criteria Based Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

Maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) based adaptive filters are found to be robust against impulsive interference. This paper proposes a novel MCC based adaptive filter with variable step size in order to obtain improved performance in terms of both convergence rate and steady state error with robustness against impulsive interference. The optimal variable step size is obtained by minimizing the Mean Square Deviation (MSD) error from one iteration to the other. Simulation results in the context of a highly impulsive system identification scenario show that the proposed algorithm has faster convergence and lesser steady state error than the conventional MCC based adaptive filters

STUDY ON IMMUNOSTIMULATORY PROPERTY OF FEW SEAWEEDS INJECTED INTRAPERITONEALLY

Objective: Three type of seaweed was chosen for the study namely Gracilaria corticata, Ulva lactuca and Stocheospermum marginatum and was extracted with ethanol.Methods: The fishes [Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (weight 10±5g)] were divided into five groups. They were infected with A. hydrophila (1.6 × 104 CFU/fish). The infected three groups were injected with seaweed extract (0.20 mg) suspended in saline solution. One group was injected only saline control the other one group was injected with ciprofloxacin (0.20 mg) (standard) suspended in saline. The experiment was carried out for 28 d. Every seven days interval the fishes were injected with seaweed extract and blood parameters of RBC, WBC, HB, Ht, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were recorded.Results: The MCHC value of Gracilaria corticata was recorded in 28th day (29.28±1.15) g/l. In Stocheospermum marginatum, the MCHC value was found in (27.19±1.62) g/l on 28th day. The Ulva lactuca had a MCHC value of (26.80±2) g/l on 28th day.Conclusion: From this study, we can understand that the fish injected with seaweed extracts as good Immunostimulants properties. Â

Dependence of Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogel Network Structure on Local Fibril Nanostructure

Physically cross-linked, fibrillar hydrogel networks are formed by the self-assembly of β-hairpin peptide molecules with varying degrees of strand asymmetry. The peptide registry in the self-assembled state can be used as a design element to generate fibrils with twisting, nontwisting, or laminated morphology. The mass density of the networks varies significantly, and can be directly related to the local fibrillar morphology as evidenced by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and in situ substantiation using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) under identical concentrations and conditions. Similarly, the density of the network is dependent on changes in the peptide concentration. Bulk rheological properties of the hydrogels can be correlated to the fibrillar nanostructure, with the stiffer, laminated fibrils forming networks with a higher G′ as compared to the flexible, singular fibrillar networks

Materials and Components for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells – an Overview

This article summarizes the recent advancements made in the area of materials and components for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). LT-SOFC is a new trend in SOFCtechnology since high temperature SOFC puts very high demands on the materials and too expensive to match marketability. The current status of the electrolyte and electrode materials used in SOFCs, their specific features and the need for utilizing them for LT-SOFC are presented precisely in this review article. The section on electrolytes gives an overview of zirconia, lanthanum gallate and ceria based materials. Also, this review article explains the application of different anode, cathode and interconnect materials used for SOFC systems. SOFC can result in better performance with the application of liquid fuels such methanol and ethanol. As a whole, this review article discusses the novel materials suitable for operation of SOFC systems especially for low temperature operation